Then, asserts Aitareya Upanishad, came the connective principles of hunger and thirst, where everything became interdependent on everything else through the principle of apana (digestion). Atman then created eight guardians corresponding to these psyches and principles.
After these came into existence, came the cosmic self and eight psyches and principles (speech, in-breathing, sight, hearing, skin/hair, mind, out-breathing, reproductivity). First came four entities: space, maram (earth, stars), maricih (light-atom) and apas (ur-water, cosmic fluid). The text states that the Atman created the universe in stages. It is this Atman, the Soul or the Inner Self, that is then portrayed as the creator of everything from itself and nothing, through heat. In the first chapter of the Aitareya Upanishad, Atman is asserted to have existed alone prior to the creation of the universe. The Aitareya Upanishad is a short prose text, divided into three chapters, containing 33 verses. Considered one of the middle Upanishads, the date of composition is not known but has been estimated by scholars to be sometime around 6th or 5th century BCE. Discussion Īitareya Upanishad is a primary ancient Upanishad, and is listed as number 8 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads. According to a 1998 review by Patrick Olivelle and other scholars, the Aitareya Upanishad was likely composed in a pre-Buddhist period, possibly 6th to 5th century BCE.
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